Historical Context
Pelagia's martyrdom is placed during the great persecutions of the Roman Empire. The most common account assigns her death to the year 303, during the Diocletianic persecution, when she was about fifteen years old. Other accounts set her life in the reign of the Emperor Numerian (282–284), with the ruler of Antioch sending soldiers once he discovered she was a Christian.
By the accounts, soldiers surrounded or entered her house intending to seize her and, in some tellings, to subject her to sexual assault. Finding herself in this danger and alone, she chose death over violation.
Her Death and Its Interpretation
Pelagia asked to be allowed to change her clothes; she then ascended to the roof of her house (or, in some versions, opened a window) and threw herself down, dying of the fall.
Saint John Chrysostom, who wrote an influential treatment of her death, addressed the question of how her leap should be understood: he suggested that in throwing herself down she was hoping to escape the danger she was in, risking her life rather than seeking suicide. He celebrated her courage in choosing martyrdom together with virginal purity, holding it preferable to lose life than chastity.
Veneration and Legacy
Pelagia is venerated in both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Her feast falls on October 8 in the Eastern Orthodox calendar, June 9 in the Roman Catholic calendar, and October 5 at Naples in Italy.
Churches dedicated to her memory existed at both Antioch and Constantinople, and a major shrine stood at Antioch. Her story is reported to have influenced later accounts, including that of Pelagia of Tarsus, and she is sometimes conflated with other virgin-martyr saints such as Marina the Monk and Margaret the Virgin.
On October 8 her commemoration is kept alongside that of Pelagia the Penitent, a reformed courtesan, and Saint Thais — three women presented as differing Christian responses to moral trial. The two Pelagias of Antioch are distinct persons honored on the same day.
Relics & Shrines
A major shrine to Pelagia was located at Antioch, her native city. Churches dedicated to her memory existed at both Antioch and Constantinople.
In the Church Fathers
Saint John Chrysostom delivered two sermons about Pelagia. In them he praised her for running to meet death 'with such great delight,' stressing her fear of violation by 'unholy men' and her choice of martyrdom together with virginal purity.
Saint Ambrose of Milan named her among notable women Christian martyrs in his work Concerning Virgins (Book 3, chapter VII), grouping her with Thecla and Agnes as women who 'hastened to death as if to immortality.' Chrysostom's homily on her has been translated into English by Wendy Mayer.
